Proofreading is the final quality-control stage. It corrects spelling, grammar, punctuation, typographical errors, and minor inconsistencies in writing that is already substantially complete.

Copyediting works at a deeper sentence level and may improve clarity, flow, concision, phrasing, tone, and academic register. If you are unsure which service your document needs, you are welcome to send me a sample and I can recommend the most appropriate option.

No. Proofreading is intentionally light-touch. Corrections are made only where necessary, with the aim of preserving your wording, meaning, and academic voice.

Yes. I work in both UK and US English and will follow the convention required by your university, journal, publisher, or other institution.

Yes. I work with researchers and students from a wide range of linguistic backgrounds. If your document requires more extensive language refinement rather than final-stage correction, I may recommend Academic Copyediting instead.

During proofreading, I will flag obvious inconsistencies or errors I encounter, but detailed verification of references and citations is not included.

For a comprehensive check of in-text citations, reference-list entries, DOIs, formatting, and source details, you can add a Reference & Citation Check.

Yes. Many universities and research organisations prefer direct invoicing, and I can bill your institution if needed. If your department requires a cost centre, project number, or specific invoicing details, simply include them when you book the service.

Yes. Please send any relevant university requirements, journal author guidelines, style guide, or submission instructions with your document and I will take them into account during the proofread.

Microsoft Word is preferred because it allows me to provide transparent edits using Track Changes. If your document is in another format, contact me before booking and I can advise on the best workflow.